Asava Fort

 

 

Asava Fort, also known historically as Visavagad, Visama, and Asavagad, is a hill fort located in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. Situated near Boisar, this fort stands as a reminder of the region's rich and varied past.   

Location and Accessibility

Asava Fort is nestled in the sub-range of the Sahyadri mountains, positioned at the northern tip of this range. It lies approximately 92 km from Mumbai on the Mumbai-Ahmedabad highway. The nearest railway station is Boisar, from where one can travel to the base village of Baripada, which is about 10 km away. From Baripada, a well-trodden path leads to the fort. The trek to the fort typically takes around 1.5 to 2 hours and is considered easy to medium in difficulty, making it accessible to beginners and experienced trekkers alike.

Historical Significance

The history of Asava Fort is quite intriguing, with its control passing through several rulers. It is believed to have been initially built by the Bimba king of Mahikavati to safeguard the trade routes connecting the ports of Dahanu and Tarapur with the hinterland.

Over time, the fort came under the control of the Sultan of Gujarat and later the Portuguese. During Shivaji Maharaj's era, the Portuguese held sway over this strategic location. In 1683, Sambhaji Maharaj briefly captured the fort, but it was soon reclaimed by the Portuguese. Their influence is evident in some of the fort's architectural remnants.

In 1727, Chimaji Appa, a Maratha Peshwa, successfully seized Asava Fort during the Vasai campaign, permanently ousting the Portuguese from this area. Like many other forts in Maharashtra, Asava eventually fell into British hands in 1818 when Captain Dickinson captured it.

Architectural Features

Perched on a hilltop at an elevation reported variously as around 1070 feet (approximately 326 meters) and 2400 feet (approximately 731 meters) above sea level, Asava Fort offers commanding views of the surrounding landscape. The fortifications are primarily constructed by stacking stones without the use of mortar in some sections, indicative of older construction techniques.

Key features of the fort include:

• Ramparts and Bastions: While largely in ruins, remnants of the fort walls and bastions can still be seen, showcasing the defensive structure. A square bastion near the entrance is notable.
• Main Entrance: The west-facing main entrance (Mahadarwaza) is now dilapidated, with ruined porches nearby, hinting at Portuguese architectural influence.
• Water Tanks: The fort houses several water tanks carved out of rock. One large tank, measuring approximately 50 ft long, 20 ft wide, and 15 ft deep, features a unique design for water purification using circular ditches to settle sludge. Another smaller tank with a similar design is also present. These tanks highlight the importance of water management within the fort.
• Cannons: Two cannons, one large and one small, are present at the summit, mounted on wooden rails with wheels.
• Caves: There are three caves on the fort, some natural and some partially built. The facades of two of these caves show signs of wrought stone construction, now somewhat deteriorated.
• Idol of Hanuman: A partially broken, six-foot-high idol of Hanuman, distinct from typical depictions, lies on the fort grounds.
• Remnants of Structures: The fort also contains the ruins of what appears to have been living quarters or a guardhouse, constructed with meticulously cut stone blocks.

Trekking and Tourism

Today, Asava Fort is a popular destination for trekking enthusiasts and history buffs. The trek offers scenic views of the surrounding hills, dense forests, and paddy fields. The summit provides panoramic vistas, including views of the nearby Tandulwadi and Kaldurg forts. The best time to visit is during the cooler months from October to February or during the monsoon season when the surrounding greenery is lush, although the trails can be slippery during the rains.  

While formal guided tours may not always be available, local guides can sometimes be found at the base village to provide insights into the fort's history and features. Exploring the ruins, water tanks, and enjoying the natural beauty makes Asava Fort a rewarding experience for those seeking a blend of adventure and historical exploration.

The Strategic Importance of Asava Fort

Asava Fort's location was crucial for several reasons throughout history:

• Control of Trade Routes: Its position near the coast allowed it to oversee and potentially control the movement of goods between the ports of Dahanu and Tarapur and the inland regions. This made it a valuable asset for any power seeking economic influence in the area.
• Defensive Outpost: Situated on a commanding hill, the fort served as a natural defensive structure. It provided a vantage point to monitor the surrounding territory and offered a secure refuge in times of conflict. Its role as a border fortification between different kingdoms and powers further enhanced its strategic significance.
• Naval Connections: Being relatively close to the Arabian Sea, the fort likely had some connection to naval activities, especially during the Portuguese era when sea power was paramount. It could have served as a signaling post or a minor base for coastal defense.

Architectural Details and Influences

The architecture of Asava Fort presents an interesting blend of styles, reflecting the different rulers who controlled it:

• Indigenous Construction: The use of stacked stones without mortar in some parts points to earlier construction, likely during the rule of local dynasties like the Bimba kings. This method is common in older forts of the region.
• Portuguese Influence: The mention of ruined porches near the main entrance suggests the incorporation of Portuguese architectural elements. These might have included specific arch designs or construction techniques characteristic of their colonial style. Further archaeological investigation could reveal more details about this influence.
• Water Management: The sophisticated design of the water tanks, particularly the one with the sludge-settling ditches, highlights the advanced water management systems prevalent in many historical forts in Maharashtra. Ensuring a sustainable water supply was critical for the long-term habitation and defense of these strongholds.

The Legend of the Hanuman Idol

The unique, partially broken, six-foot-high idol of Hanuman on the fort is noteworthy. Unlike the common depictions of Hanuman, this idol might have specific regional or historical significance. Local legends or folklore associated with the fort might offer insights into the origin and importance of this particular sculpture. Further research into the iconography and style of the idol could potentially link it to a specific period or artistic tradition.

Asava Fort in Relation to Nearby Forts

As mentioned, Asava Fort is located near other historical fortifications like Tandulwadi and Kaldurg. These forts often formed a network of defenses, providing mutual support and controlling strategic passages. Exploring the history and connections between these forts can offer a broader understanding of the regional power dynamics and military strategies employed in the past. For instance, during conflicts, these forts might have served as relay points for communication or as fallback positions.

Conservation and Preservation Efforts

The current state of Asava Fort, with its ruins and dilapidated structures, underscores the need for conservation and preservation efforts. Understanding the historical and architectural significance of the fort can raise awareness and encourage responsible tourism. Documenting the existing structures and any surviving inscriptions or artifacts is crucial for preserving its legacy for future generations. Local authorities and heritage organizations could play a vital role in these efforts.

Experiencing the Trek to Asava Fort

For those planning a visit, the trek to Asava Fort offers more than just historical exploration:

• Natural Beauty: The path winds through varied terrain, offering glimpses of the region's natural beauty, including forests, streams (depending on the season), and diverse flora and fauna.
• Panoramic Views: The summit provides breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, making the climb worthwhile even for those less interested in the historical aspects. Sunrise and sunset views from the fort can be particularly stunning.
• A Sense of Discovery: Exploring the ruins and imagining the fort's past glory can be a unique and enriching experience, connecting visitors with the history of the land.